What changed this week, straight from the source.

A meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials involving 1,723 participants found that liraglutide significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and improved various renal and metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

A study in Frontiers in Molecular Bioscience profiled NAD+ metabolism in mice with progressive heart failure. The authors found that increased vascular NAD+ catabolism, linked to elevated CD38 abundance, contributes to systemic NAD+ dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction during heart failure.

A retrospective cohort study found that tirzepatide reduced the risk of COPD exacerbations and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to SGLT2i and DPP-4i treatments.

Clinicians reported a case where a 30-year-old female experienced severe gastroparesis-like symptoms, including abdominal pain and vomiting, following a single 1 mg dose of liraglutide for weight loss.

McGill University Health Centre registered a 24-week clinical trial enrolling 40 adults to evaluate how semaglutide affects body composition in people with type 1 diabetes and overweight or obesity compared to a placebo.

Assisting Nature registered a trial for 180 participants to test a physiology-oriented mild ovarian stimulation protocol. The trial investigates whether a late-start protocol with corifollitropin alfa can simplify IVF while maintaining clinical outcomes.

Researchers analyzed 1,782 women undergoing IVF with growth hormone supplementation to identify predictors of live birth. They determined that growth hormone pretreatment for at least 2 months was independently associated with higher odds of cumulative live birth.

A study of 2, 201 patients found that in GnRH antagonist cycles, serum progesterone levels exceeding 0.90 ng/mL on the hCG trigger day are associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. No such associations were found in GnRH agonist long protocol cycles.

A study in Frontiers in endocrinology examined the effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on human orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy. Liraglutide treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation in these cells compared to untreated controls.

A study in the European Journal of Pharmacology found that tirzepatide reduced cardiac microvascular injury and lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice. The research observed that the drug improved markers of mitochondrial quality and ferroptosis-related protein profiles.

Scientists generated a new GnRH-CT-tdT knock-in mouse line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to enable genetic manipulation in GnRH neurons. Testing confirmed that the gene Chd7 is dispensable in GnRH neurons after they initiate expression.

Researchers published a case report of two female patients who experienced panic attacks after receiving tirzepatide injections for weight loss. Symptoms resolved after stopping the medication, though no clear medical cause was identified.

A study published in Ecotoxicology investigated phenanthrene tolerance in two crustacean species, finding that Artemia franciscana showed significantly higher tolerance than Artemia salina. This difference correlated with higher inducibility of glutathione S-transferase activity.

A retrospective cohort study of 121 patient records found no statistically significant association between semaglutide or tirzepatide use and diabetic retinal disease onset or progression, though researchers noted that these findings are exploratory and require further study.

Researchers compared oxytocin doses and induction times in 212 patients, half with opioid use disorder and half without. Patients with opioid use disorder required similar total oxytocin doses but experienced longer induction times following amniotomy.

Researchers published a pilot study finding that cutaneous follistatin expression was reduced by approximately 225.59-fold in the lesional skin of patients with striae gravidarum compared to control skin, suggesting a role in the condition's pathogenesis.

The Expert Council of the National Association of Pediatric Neurologists stratified Cerebrolysin into Group B, representing medications for ADHD with a limited evidence base, to be used only within a multidisciplinary approach.

Scientists investigated the molecular mechanisms of luteolysis in mature camel corpus luteum tissue. Co-administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin resulted in structural-functional dissociation where progesterone secretion remained at control levels despite PGF-induced changes.

New paper in Reproduction (Cambridge, England): Progesterone feedback effects on LH pulse and surge secretion in ovariectomized Bos taurus, Bos indicus and crossbred heifers.

Researchers reported that two children younger than 6 years old with severe early-onset obesity experienced reductions in BMI-SDS during semaglutide treatment. The study included one child with genetically confirmed ADCY3-related monogenic obesity and one with Klinefelter syndrome.

A study in Neuroendocrinology found that combining butyrate with semaglutide significantly potentiated anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice compared to semaglutide alone. The combination amplified neuronal activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Scientists engineered a high-payload NAD+ nanomedicine called CNAPL to treat chronic lung graft-versus-host disease. In murine models, this treatment improved survival and curtailed hyperinflammation while preserving essential immune cell functions like phagocytosis.

Researchers published a study showing that NRF2 regulates cancer cell survival by up-regulating the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to manage formaldehyde stress. The study suggests that combined inhibition of cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis creates a vulnerability in cancer cells.

Researchers developed an in situ engineering strategy using lipid nanoparticles to deliver mRNA to macrophages, which successfully reduced collagen deposition and improved immune activity in a liver fibrosis model.

Researchers evaluated 37 quality-of-life questionnaires for children receiving growth hormone therapy, finding that cost and unclear fee structures are major barriers to their global implementation. Generic questionnaires were generally more accessible and usable than condition-specific ones.

Researchers compared GnRH agonist and dual triggering effects on oocyte retrieval in 325 fertility preservation cycles. They found that trigger type was not independently associated with the number of oocytes retrieved or maturation rates after adjusting for baseline characteristics.

A study comparing induction methods found that cervical balloon combined with oxytocin shortened the time to labor and increased natural delivery rates compared to using oxytocin alone. The combined method also resulted in fewer total adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Researchers characterized the bifunctional thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) enzyme in Penaeus vannamei shrimp. The study found that TGR gene expression increased during hypoxic stress, suggesting the enzyme plays a role in the shrimp's redox stress response.

A study using in vitro and in vivo models found that goat colostrum hydrolysate alleviates constipation in mice by modulating gut microbiota and gut regulators. Peptides within the colostrum were identified as interacting with specific host enzymes to support this effect.

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM published a letter discussing considerations for a definitive trial using oral calcium carbonate as an adjunct to oxytocin for labor induction.

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM published a letter to the editor regarding the feasibility and acceptability of oral calcium carbonate as an adjunct to oxytocin infusion for labor induction.

New review in Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone…: Growth hormone deficiency after traumatic brain injury: Current insights and the need for preclinical modeling.

Investigators followed 239 adolescents to study longitudinal associations between plasma oxytocin levels and borderline personality disorder symptoms. Higher baseline oxytocin levels were significantly associated with a reduction in BPD criteria at a one-year follow-up.

Scientists identified the gene StAPR3 as a key regulator that enhances cadmium tolerance and tuber quality in potatoes. Overexpression of StAPR3 promotes sulfur metabolism and elevates glutathione levels, leading to increased yield and reduced cadmium accumulation in tubers.

Researchers published a study on MonoXtract, a deep learning framework designed to analyze single-molecule fluorescence data. Applied to the peptide LL-37, the tool identified a previously unrecognized cell-entry pathway involving transient incorporation into and escape from oligomers.

Researchers studied the electrochemical reduction of NAD+ to NADH using a methyl viologen mediator in a specific microemulsion system. The study confirmed that the generated NADH is bioactive and can be successfully coupled with enzyme-catalyzed reactions to produce specific chemical products.

Researchers developed a glutathione-responsive nanoplatform to co-deliver curcumin and a GPX4-targeting antisense oligonucleotide to cancer cells. This combined approach depleted intracellular glutathione and inhibited antioxidant defenses to enhance ferroptosis in lung cancer cells.

Researchers demonstrated that antimicrobial peptoids are effective against Candida auris in vitro and in a mouse model, with one compound, TM5, clearing infection in the kidneys at a 5 mg/kg dose. Unlike LL-37, these peptoids retained antifungal activity and showed no resistance.

Researchers published a study describing a biomimetic chemical base-exchange reaction that converts NAD+ or NADP+ directly into NAAD+, NAADP+, and other modified pyridine nucleotide analogues. Fe(III) catalyzes this substitution by activating the cationic C-N glycosidic bond.

A study of obese mice found that both semaglutide and tirzepatide downregulated hepatic CD36 and CPT1A fatty acid importers, suggesting that substrate limitation is a primary mechanism for the liver response to these drugs.

A study found that MOTS-c protects against diabetic kidney injury in mice by downregulating LARS1, which promotes lipophagy and reduces tubular senescence and lipid deposition.

A study in The Journal of biological chemistry explored how humanin variants regulate BID fibrilization and membrane permeability. Findings showed that humanin reduces BAX- and tBID-mediated membrane permeabilization, integrating residue-level determinants into a framework for apoptosis regulation.

Researchers published a study characterizing an in vivo mouse model of chronic NAD deficiency called ANDY mice. On a niacin-free diet, these mice developed multisystem abnormalities including frailty and shortened lifespan, which were reversed by dietary niacin repletion.

LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology Ltd. registered an observational study to evaluate the effectiveness of switching from injectable semaglutide to tirzepatide in 650 adults living with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Hoffmann-La Roche registered a phase 3 randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of enicepatide compared to tirzepatide in 948 participants with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control on oral medications.

Researchers surveyed 552 healthcare professionals in South Asia regarding their perceptions of newer antiobesity medications. Respondents identified high costs and safety concerns as barriers, though 51.7% of their patients achieved > 10% weight loss.

Physicians reported a case of a 49-year-old woman who developed autoimmune thyroiditis following treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

A retrospective analysis of 39 children born small for gestational age found that growth hormone therapy, which lasted an average of 3 years and 9 months, improved growth parameters, with the best outcomes seen in children who started treatment before age 10.

Researchers identified a signaling axis where NAD+ levels regulate primary cilia growth and lysosomal homeostasis in hypothalamic neurons. NAD+ depletion leads to ciliary shortening and lysosomal dysfunction, which can be restored by calorie restriction in aged mice.

Researchers treated Lanzhou lily bulbs with 1.5 μ L L -1 1-methylcyclopropene to address scale browning. This treatment reduced respiration rates, retained bulb firmness, and delayed postharvest browning by enhancing the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and reducing oxidative stress.

Researchers used IRMPD spectroscopy to analyze the gas-phase structure of gold(I)-glutathione complexes. The study found that the N-terminal glutamate residue of glutathione can serve as a competitive coordination site for gold(I), which may impact drug reactivity.

A case report describes a 59-year-old woman with surgical wound dehiscence who experienced complete wound closure after initiating supplementation with 1500 mg of modulated oral LathMized NAD+. Healing progressed to closure without scar formation by postoperative day 40.

New review in Frontiers in neuroscience: Context-dependent oxytocin receptor signaling: from molecular architecture to transcript-level receptor engineering.

New paper in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism: Dysregulation of Growth Hormone Axis after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

A randomized clinical trial involving 72 participants found that semaglutide treatment in patients with major depressive disorder resulted in increased exploitation and directed exploration behaviors. The study highlights the role of metabolic mechanisms in decision-making processes for MDD.

New randomized trial in Women's health (London, England): Oxytocin selectively enhances the recognition of infant sadness in postpartum depression.

Phase 3 trials TRIUMPH-1-OSA and TRIUMPH-2-OSA found that once-weekly retatrutide significantly reduced the apnea-hypopnea index in adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea compared to placebo.

Researchers published a study in Molecular Biology Reports identifying female-specific GABA regulation of hypothalamic neurons that control counterregulatory hormone secretion in rats. The findings indicate sex-dimorphic control of baseline growth hormone, corticosterone, and glucagon outflow.

An editorial in the journal Hypertension discusses how follistatin-mediated browning of adipose tissue can contribute to improved cardiometabolic health.

Researchers published a study on Membrane-MaSIF, a computational model that models peptide-membrane interactions to discover antimicrobial peptides. The authors validated the framework using LL-37-perturbed A. baumannii membranes to identify antibacterial peptide candidates.

Researchers synthesized a UiO-66 nanoagent loaded with copper nanoparticles and carboplatin to treat cancer cells. The agent induced cytotoxicity by triggering glutathione depletion through maleimide-mediated Michael addition and generating reactive oxygen species.

Researchers studying oxytocin signaling in medaka fish found that the pathway regulates familiarity-dependent mate choice differently by sex. Mutant females showed high mating receptivity without familiarization, while mutant males displayed reduced courtship toward unfamiliar females.

Researchers developed poly(vinyl alcohol) dissolving microneedles that successfully delivered semaglutide transdermally in rats. Once-daily treatment for 7 days reduced food intake and body weight without evident organ damage.

A narrative review details that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor activation in visceral adipose tissue promotes lipid accumulation. Conversely, pharmacological blockade of this receptor confers protection against diet-induced obesity.

Researchers analyzed 106 women with uterine fibroids treated with relugolix to predict volume reduction. They developed a model showing that a pretreatment T2-weighted imaging signal intensity ratio of 2.0 or higher is a strong positive predictor of fibroid shrinkage.

A study in Endocrinology and metabolism found that high-dose semaglutide induced rapid weight loss and suppressed visceral adipose inflammation in mice. These anti-inflammatory changes were not sustained after drug withdrawal and reverted with weight regain.

A compounder issued a recall for a copycat version of Zepbound following concerns about the safety of such knockoff weight loss drugs.

A study in Omics compared orforglipron, semaglutide, and tirzepatide using clinical data and computational modeling. Tirzepatide produced greater weight loss than semaglutide, while orforglipron ranked highest in accessibility due to oral feasibility.

Fudan University registered a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of thymalfasin combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in 572 patients with triple-negative breast cancer. The study will compare 3-year event-free survival between treatment groups.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials found that mazdutide led to greater reductions in HbA1c and body weight compared to dulaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes. Mazdutide was associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects.

In December 2024, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved tirzepatide as the first drug for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity. Clinical trials showed that tirzepatide reduced the apnea-hypopnea index by 20.0 to 23.8 events per hour.

An observational study of 62 adults with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes found that tirzepatide treatment for a median of 21.4 weeks led to meaningful improvements in weight, HbA1c, and albuminuria. Kidney function remained stable during the treatment period.

Researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study of 173 donor IVF cycles to compare oral GnRH antagonists with injectable cetrorelix. They found that oral antagonist groups required higher gonadotropin doses and yielded fewer mature oocytes than the injectable cetrorelix group.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism published an erratum correcting a previous secondary, post hoc analysis of the REDEFINE 1 trial regarding the efficacy of CagriSema.

Researchers evaluated 82 females who received GnRHa treatment for central precocious puberty and found that attained height was comparable to predicted adult height at the group level. Bone mineral density Z-scores remained within age- and sex-referenced ranges.

Researchers published a study showing that the peptide elamipretide reduced cisplatin-induced ovarian failure in a mouse model. The treatment preserved mitochondrial function and increased the number of follicles by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Researchers reviewed nutritional management for bone infections and recommended routine screening for markers like albumin and lymphocytes, which are linked to infection risk. They propose a regimen of 1.5-2.0 g/kg/d protein and 25-35 kcal/kg/d energy to support immune defense and bone repair.

Researchers identified a new family of electron-bifurcating enzymes, including the ferredoxin- and NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate oxidoreductase FngABC found in Pyrococcus furiosus. This enzyme family is widespread in the microbial world and contributes to the metabolism of sugars and glycerol.

A multicenter phase 4 study found that weekly 0.5 or 1 mg subcutaneous semaglutide injections significantly improved HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and weight in 104 Chilean patients with type 2 diabetes.

A review article reevaluates hyperhomocysteinemia, proposing that it may serve as a biomarker for endogenous glutathione deficiency rather than just a risk factor for chronic disease. The authors suggest that oxidative stress drives metabolic shifts to restore glutathione.

Diabetes care published a letter responding to comments on a previous study about the effects of 1.0 mg weekly semaglutide on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in patients with schizophrenia, prediabetes, and obesity.

A randomized trial evaluating the GnRH agonist leuprorelin in women with polycystic liver disease was terminated early after finding the treatment did not reduce liver volume and was associated with severe menopausal side effects and adverse events.

Researchers published a letter in Diabetes care discussing the therapeutic promise and limitations of oral semaglutide in the context of kidney health.

Researchers identified the USP13-WBP11-OPLAH signaling axis as a regulator of glutathione metabolism in prostate cancer cells. The study found that WBP11 stabilizes OPLAH to increase glutathione levels, helping cancer cells resist programmed cell death.

Researchers conducting a secondary analysis of the FLOW trial found that semaglutide was associated with fewer serious adverse events than placebo among 3533 participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, regardless of baseline eGFR.

The BMJ reported that a planned US trial will investigate whether semaglutide treatment can reduce criminality.

Massachusetts General Hospital registered a pilot study enrolling 40 adults to determine if semaglutide affects brain reactivity to cannabis-related cues and reduces the frequency of cannabis use in individuals with cannabis use disorder.

Dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG registered a Phase 1 study to evaluate the effects of trigonelline monohydrate on NAD+ metabolism, safety, and pharmacokinetics in 60 healthy adults aged 40 to 70. Participants will receive one of four doses of the supplement, an NMN comparator, or a placebo for 4 weeks.

Eli Lilly and Company registered a Phase 3 trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of eloralintide and tirzepatide coformulation compared with tirzepatide, eloralintide, and placebo in 2115 adults with obesity.

Eli Lilly and Company registered a Phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eloralintide and tirzepatide coformulation compared to tirzepatide in 1000 adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes.

Novo Nordisk A/S registered an observational study of 10000 adults in Australia to generate real-world evidence on the use of semaglutide among people receiving care through a digital weight loss service.

Scientists designed dichalcogenide-hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles as glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes. The diselenide-hybrid framework effectively protected against acetaminophen-induced and rifampicin-induced liver injury in mouse models by reducing oxidative stress.

Researchers published a cost-effectiveness analysis of obesity drugs in Iran. They found that semaglutide was the most cost-effective option for adults without diabetes, while tirzepatide offered greater health benefits but was limited by its higher cost.

A comprehensive review of the inflammatory-oxidative axis in lung cancer synthesized data on key biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and glutathione peroxidase. Findings show that elevated CRP and NO levels combined with reduced antioxidant activity often occur in treatment-naive patients.

Researchers published a case report detailing a patient who experienced lithium toxicity associated with the use of tirzepatide.

Laboratory experiments using aged mouse eggs and human granulosa cells showed that MOTS-c boosted energy production and supported egg maturation, though further research is needed for human fertility applications.

A letter published in the Annals of Internal Medicine discusses the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide for patients with knee osteoarthritis and obesity.

A letter published in the Annals of Internal Medicine discusses the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide for patients with knee osteoarthritis and obesity.

A letter published in the Annals of Internal Medicine discusses the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide for patients with knee osteoarthritis and obesity.

New paper in Theriogenology: Systemic oxidative stress is associated with coordinated alterations in uterine microbiota and glutathione-related metabolism in postpartum dairy cows.

A narrative review suggests that early-life dysregulation of the childhood estrobolome may contribute to early puberty onset in girls. The authors hypothesize that increased enterohepatic estrogen reabsorption from gut bacteria encoding beta-glucuronidase may sensitize kisspeptin neurons.

Researchers published a letter in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism regarding the interpretation of survodutide renoprotection in a hyperfiltration model.

Authors published a letter examining the distinction between epicardial and circulating adiponectin regarding the anti-arrhythmic mechanism of liraglutide.

Researchers identified EGFR, MYC, PTEN, and mTOR as key targets in plasticizer-induced central precocious puberty using a DEHP-exposed mouse model. The study found that these plasticizers dysregulate the HPG axis, leading to premature activation of the kisspeptin-GnRH neuroendocrine system.

Researchers studied male and female lambs and found that undernutrition increased AgRP neuron input to arcuate kisspeptin neurons. This mechanism likely relays negative energy status to the reproductive axis to inhibit GnRH/LH secretion.

Researchers reviewed the efficacy of incretin-based therapies for obesity and found that the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide produced greater weight loss than semaglutide in direct comparative studies.

Clinicians reported a case of a 65-year-old woman whose nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor transformed into a vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumor. Following a living donor liver transplantation, her symptoms resolved and did not recur for 1 year.

New meta-analysis in Frontiers in endocrinology: CagriSema versus Semaglutide 2.4 mg monotherapy for weight management in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

Researchers published a case report of a 57-year-old man who experienced rapid neurological improvement after receiving adjunctive Cerebrolysin following mechanical thrombectomy for a stroke. The therapy was used to address persistent tissue-level hypoperfusion.

This review examines how mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum crosstalk influences pancreatic beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. The authors highlight therapeutic strategies including incretin-based agents and the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c to preserve beta-cell function.

A review of incretin-based therapies for neurodegeneration concludes that greater metabolic efficacy does not establish neuroprotection. Clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease have yielded mixed results without proving disease modification.

A narrative review of Epitalon and Epithalamin found that while Epitalon is biologically active in modulating aging markers in preclinical studies, it remains clinically unproven in humans. No adequately powered randomized trial has established therapeutic efficacy.

New systematic review in Acta orthopaedica Belgica: Human evidence for BPC-157 in orthopaedic and regenerative medicine: a systematic review of efficacy and safety.

Researchers assessed the effects of adjunctive physiotherapy after glaucoma surgery in 50 patients. The physiotherapy course, which included the peptide Semax, improved mean deviation in retinal function for up to 6 months post-surgery.

Researchers evaluated the stability of liposome-encapsulated GHK-Cu in cosmetic formulations using capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. The study demonstrates that liposomes can successfully encapsulate GHK-Cu, potentially enhancing transdermal delivery.

Researchers developed a PK-PD model for the neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist GS1-144 to select Phase II doses for vasomotor symptoms. Simulations suggest 30 mg once daily, 60 mg once daily, and 30 mg twice daily as effective regimens for further evaluation.

Investigators identified that FSTL1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and promotes M2 macrophage polarization by binding to the DIP2A receptor to trigger the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

A review in Advanced Science discusses mitochondrial quality control in musculoskeletal diseases, noting that therapy is shifting from symptom management to organelle-based medicine. Strategies like cardiolipin stabilizers and mitochondrial transplantation are being explored as potential treatments.

Researchers developed an ELISA method to detect the peptide CJC-1295 in equine plasma at concentrations as low as 12.5 pg/mL. The assay was validated using blood samples from thoroughbred racehorses administered 10 mg of the peptide.

Researchers published a study on an unsupervised clustering workflow using ESM-2 sequence embeddings and physicochemical features to group immune-active proteins. This method successfully separated 9 vertebrate cathelicidin peptides into a unique cluster distinct from arthropod proteins.

A review and case report published in Frontiers in oral health examined the use of regenerative peptides like BPC-157, TB-500, and ARA-290 for inferior alveolar nerve injury. The authors reported neurosensory recovery in three clinical cases but cautioned that causality cannot be established.

A study in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats found that retatrutide significantly lowered HIF-1α expression in kidney tissue but did not provide statistically confirmed histopathological protection against renal injury.

Researchers evaluated the role of mitochondrial-derived peptides in female reproduction and oocyte competence. They found that levels of these peptides decline with age and may regulate critical processes like oxidative stress and apoptosis, suggesting potential as new fertility biomarkers.

Carolina Infusion, LLC initiated a class II recall of various semaglutide and semaglutide/cyanocobalamin injectables. The firm cited a lack of assurance of sterility related to the use of bacteriostatic water and processing equipment.

A review published in the Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders analyzed the progress and challenges in developing pediatric anti-obesity medications. It emphasized the need to verify the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 agonists and multi-target drugs like mazdutide through pediatric trials.

A study published in Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism found that the dual GLP-1R/GCGR agonist mazdutide decreased circulating cholesterol levels and attenuated liver steatosis in mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Scientists investigated how the TGF-beta signaling pathway affects Y-organ function in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and discovered it negatively regulates 20-hydroxyecdysone synthesis and indirectly influences ovarian development.

Researchers developed HyM 2 Surv, a hypergraph-based framework for survival prediction that integrates pathological images and microbiome data. This model outperformed state-of-the-art methods by an average of 6.10% in C-index across four TCGA datasets.

A narrative review of 76 studies on peptide use in urology and sexual medicine found that while some agents like Bremelanotide and Tesamorelin have clinical backing, many others like CJC-1295 remain unvalidated and accessible only through unregulated markets.

Researchers reviewed evidence on Traditional Chinese Medicine interventions that modulate key neuropeptides like Substance P, VIP, NPY, and CGRP. These interventions are linked to pathways that regulate immunometabolism and neuroinflammation in conditions such as obesity and diabetes.

Researchers published a study in Neuroscience showing that humanin mitigates cellular senescence in neuronal cells. Chronic treatment with the humanin derivative HNG sustained neurotransmitter release and synapsin expression in differentiated PC12 cells exposed to glutamate.

A letter published in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism explores whether survodutide provides renoprotection beyond its known metabolic and haemodynamic effects in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

A narrative review published in Obesity Reviews examines the role of dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonists in treating obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. The review highlights that mazdutide and survodutide show potent weight-loss and antihyperglycemic effects.

A study on bovine mesenteric arteries and veins found that while exogenous GLP-2 did not directly cause vasorelaxation, it did enhance acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation in arteries. This suggests that GLP-2 influences mesenteric blood flow through indirect signaling pathways.

New paper in Neurogastroenterology and motility: Types of Neurons in the Myenteric Plexus of Human Gastric Corpus Identified by Multi-Layer Immunohistochemical Coding and Vagal Tracing.

Researchers published a study on the tripeptide Lysine-Proline-Valine in macrophage models. Treatment with the peptide attenuated lipid accumulation and foam cell formation by suppressing reactive oxygen species and inflammatory signaling pathways.

Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital registered a randomized, controlled trial to test if adding 1.6 mg of thymalfasin twice daily for 7 days improves immune recovery in 60 adults with sepsis and immune function impairment.

Researchers mapping radiation-induced brain injury in mice discovered that the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is compromised during the early-delayed phase following irradiation. This disruption is caused by the depletion of a radiosensitive Tmsb4x-positive epithelial cell population.

Researchers published the design and baseline characteristics of the REDEFINE 3 trial, a study investigating the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of CagriSema. The trial randomized 7076 adults with cardiovascular disease between 1/2023 and 12/2024.

Researchers published a study demonstrating that elamipretide improves oocyte quality and fertility in aged mice, human, and porcine models. The peptide restores ovarian function by activating the VEGF signaling pathway to enhance mitochondrial metabolism and organelle organization.

Boehringer Ingelheim registered a phase 3 trial to evaluate initiation strategies for survodutide, including new use or switching from semaglutide or tirzepatide, in 350 adults with obesity but no diabetes. The study aims to determine if survodutide helps these participants lose weight.

New paper in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism: Efficacy and Safety of Dual GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonism in Overweight and Obesity: A Class-Specific Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A scoping review of 41 unique studies found that semaglutide achieves approximately 10-16% weight loss, while tirzepatide produces approximately 15-21% weight reduction over treatment durations of 20-70 weeks.

The National Hospital of Acupuncture in Vietnam registered a randomized controlled trial for 440 patients to evaluate the efficacy of combined electroacupuncture, acupressure, and acupoint injections of Cerebrolysin or B-complex vitamins for post-acute ischemic stroke rehabilitation.

Experts reviewed gastrointestinal adverse effects of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists and found that nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation occur in approximately 30%-50% of patients during treatment initiation and dose escalation.

A review published in Diabetes Therapy examines the efficacy of amylin-based agonists, reporting that eloralintide achieved weight loss of up to 20.1% in a phase 2 study. The authors note the drug is associated with fatigue, headache, and appetite loss.

A review in Antioxidants discusses the role of extracellular mitochondrial DNA as a potential biomarker for retinitis pigmentosa. The study suggests that oxidative stress is a key therapeutic target and mentions ongoing evaluations of N-acetylcysteine and elamipretide.

A review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences examines mitochondrial quality control in inherited mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Elamipretide has received accelerated approval to improve muscle strength in patients with Barth syndrome who weigh at least 30 kg.

A critical review of rodent studies associated BPC-157 with protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, including reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress. The authors noted the evidence remains heterogeneous and preclinical.

Researchers studied the effects of Humanin in mice with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and in 20 human patients. They found that Humanin pretreatment reduced liver injury, decreased NF-κB inflammatory signaling, and prolonged survival in the mice.

A systematic review of GHK-Cu literature through August 12, 2026, found that while preclinical data supports its role in tissue repair, clinical evidence remains limited. The review highlights that many delivery studies fail to resolve critical factors like molar copper occupancy.

A scoping review of 26 clinical publications characterized the use of Thymosin Alpha 1 as an adjunctive cancer therapy, finding it is most commonly administered via subcutaneous injection and used alongside various anticancer treatments, though standardized prospective studies are needed.

Researchers studied mice with hepatic Echinococcus granulosus infection and found that the GHSR antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 effectively slowed disease progression by inhibiting liver cell proliferation and promoting beneficial fibrosis.

A systematic review of GHK-Cu literature published between 2005 and 2026 identified a lack of adequately powered human trials using microneedle delivery. Researchers found extensive preclinical evidence for tissue regeneration but noted that further clinical testing is required.

Researchers identified that craniofacial involvement in extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an independent adverse prognostic factor for survival. Patients with this involvement showed more frequent mutations in MYD88, TMSB4X, and PCLO.

A study published in the Chinese Medical Journal found that MOTS-c mediates protection against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury through NRF2-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis.

Researchers developed and evaluated MC1R-targeted radiopharmaceuticals using 203Pb and 212Pb for potential melanoma therapy. The study identified compound 9, a derivative of NDP-MSH, as having high binding affinity and low accumulation in healthy organs in mouse models.

New review in Missouri medicine: Dangers of Injectable Peptides and Other Unregulated "Biohacking" Drugs.

Researchers published a study in the Journal of molecular histology evaluating Hexarelin in mice with MPTP-associated pancreatic injury. Findings showed that Hexarelin treatment attenuated pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis while partially preserving islet morphology.

A case report describes a 69-year-old man with post-traumatic aphasia who showed significant language improvement after a 21-day course of intravenous Cerebrolysin alongside speech therapy. His Aphasia Quotient rose from 66.2 to 97.1 by day 28.

A study in HTR-8/SVneo cells found that ghrelin treatment at 1000 nmol/L protects trophoblasts against hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by downregulating TGFB2.

A review in Cardiology in Review evaluates early studies of eloralintide, noting potential cardiometabolic benefits including reductions in body weight, blood pressure, and pulse rate. The authors emphasize that no dedicated cardiovascular outcomes trial has been conducted.

Eli Lilly and Company completed a phase 2 study investigating the safety and efficacy of LY3841136 and tirzepatide, alone or in combination, for weight management in 367 adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes.

A study of 154 patients hospitalized for chronic heart failure found that a standardized rehabilitation protocol involving exercise and nutritional support improved physical performance compared to a control group and helped evaluate the prognostic value of the Humanin/CRP ratio.

A study of 69 patients found that when the insulin tolerance test is contraindicated, clinicians can use the GHRP-2 stimulation test to help diagnose hypothalamic secondary adrenal insufficiency, where a peak cortisol level below 12 μg/dL is specific to this condition.

Researchers developed biodegradable polymer STAR particles-using materials like cellulose acetate and polylactic acid-to painlessly puncture skin and deliver drugs. Tests showed these particles increased intradermal drug delivery of agents like copper tripeptide-1 by up to 37-fold.

Researchers identified a novel, highly conserved linear B-cell epitope on the rabies virus glycoprotein using monoclonal antibodies. This finding provides a potential molecular target for the design of next-generation epitope-based vaccines and diagnostic tools.

A randomized controlled trial showed that Phellinus igniarius decoction effectively restored immune function and improved quality of life in colorectal cancer patients following chemotherapy, with patients suffering from spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome responding best.

Researchers identified that Thymosin Alpha 1 acts as a non-canonical ligand for the Hypocretin Receptor 1, protecting neurons from cell death in ischemic stroke models by suppressing the activity of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3.

A review of pharmacological treatments for diabetic neuropathy analyzed roughly 107 articles on approved and experimental therapies. The study highlighted that while agents like Cibinetide show potential for nerve repair, current treatments mostly focus on symptom management.

The University of Arkansas registered a phase 1 trial to investigate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of BPC-157 in 30 participants undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery.

A narrative review of pharmacological treatments for severe traumatic brain injury examined human evidence for several agents, including Cerebrolysin, and proposed a modular framework for future development. The authors caution against routine off-label polypharmacy.

Researchers studied the effects of a 16 mg subcutaneous afamelanotide implant on UVR-induced skin responses in 9 healthy humans. The study found that afamelanotide significantly decreased the UVR-erythema dose response and increased melanin density six days after administration.

ReGenTree, LLC completed a phase 3 clinical trial involving 700 participants to assess the safety and efficacy of RGN-259 ophthalmic solutions for dry eye syndrome. Results were posted on August 28, 2026.

A narrative review summarized the current evidence on regenerative peptides used for chronic pain management. The authors concluded that clinical evidence in humans remains limited and most of these therapies currently lack FDA approval.

A study in the Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology examined Hexarelin against MPTP-induced lung injury in mice. Hexarelin reduced histopathological damage and improved immunohistochemical parameters by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Scientists found that the peptide NDP-MSH reduced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of depression. This therapeutic effect relies on activating the MC1R-cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex.

Researchers demonstrated that recombinant human thymosin beta-4 improves survival and reduces intestinal fibrosis in mice with colitis by suppressing mineralocorticoid receptor signaling. The study notes that TMSB4X is typically downregulated in colonic tissues of IBD patients.

Researchers published a study on the peptide KPV in preadipocytes and obese mice. Treatment with 100 μg/mL KPV suppressed adipocyte differentiation and reduced triglyceride content by approximately 38% in vitro, while oral administration alleviated diet-induced obesity in mice.

A scoping review concluded that claims regarding peptide supplements for musculoskeletal recovery remain unsubstantiated by current human trials. Authors warned of potential risks including cardiovascular complications.

Lumos Pharma registered a phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LUM-201 as an adjunct to oral semaglutide in 202 obese adults between the ages of 60 and 85 years. The study is not yet recruiting.

Reviewers examined 151 randomized controlled trials for vitiligo published between 2013 and 2023. They found that several interventions, including implanted afamelanotide, improved clinical scores when added to phototherapy, but no systemic monotherapies were superior to their comparators.

In a rat study, researchers evaluated the effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing. Both treatments were associated with improved histopathological parameters and extracellular matrix organization, though the combination of peptides did not provide additional benefits.

A meta-analysis of four clinical trials involving 909 people with HIV found that tesamorelin reduced harmful abdominal visceral fat, waist circumference, and trunk fat while increasing lean body mass. The study noted the drug also led to modest improvements in cholesterol levels.

A narrative review in Antioxidants evaluates FOXO4's role in redox-sensitive signaling and senescent-cell survival. It concludes that while FOXO4-DRI shows preclinical senolytic activity, clinical validation is required due to limited evidence on its antioxidant target genes.

Clinuvel Europe Limited completed a phase 1/2 trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a 16mg afamelanotide implant in 28 adolescent and adult patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Results for the study, which ended January 20, 2025, were posted on July 27, 2026.

Researchers developed a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method to characterize bremelanotide degradation. Forced degradation studies revealed 8 degradation products, with major pathways involving deacetylation, peptide-bond hydrolysis, oxidation, and epimerization.

A case report describes a 62-year-old bodybuilder who developed dysphagia from anterior cervical osteophytes, raising the hypothesis that his 20-year history of exogenous growth hormone and GH secretagogue use may have contributed to significant bone growth.

Researchers published the protocol for the TRIUMPH trial, which will examine the effect of tesamorelin combined with exercise in 100 sedentary older adults living with HIV. The study measures physical function, muscle quality, and biological endpoints at 24 and 48 weeks.

A review of peptides modulating the GH-IGF-1 axis highlights the significant gap between clinical evidence and unregulated self-administration protocols. Clinicians are advised to recognize potential adverse effects like endocrine disturbances, fluid retention, and metabolic issues.

Researchers found that moderate doses of the ghrelin receptor agonist ibutamoren increased cost sensitivity in rats during conflict-based decision-making. This effect was linked to increased neuronal activity in dorsomedial striosomes.

New paper in Molecular carcinogenesis: Acylglycerol Kinase Sensitizes Glioblastoma to Temozolomide via Limiting Mitochondrial Damage Related Cellular Senescence.

Researchers published a pilot trial of 22 subjects comparing 10 weeks of 1 mg tesamorelin against placebo for cognition. While low-dose treatment was not directly linked with significant changes in measures, machine learning analysis identified potential brain changes.

A study of 42 patients undergoing surgery for retinal detachment found that a combined physiotherapy approach, involving heliox therapy and the peptide Semax, improved visual acuity and microperimetry results compared to using Semax drops alone.

Scientists synthesized 14 macrocyclic peptide analogs based on MT-II, SHU-9119, and PG-901 scaffolds to target human melanocortin receptors. The novel compounds FM648 and FM636 emerged as potent, selective hMC4R antagonists, while FM635 demonstrated selective agonist activity.

Researchers reported a fast analytical workflow to detect 54 prohibited doping compounds in dried blood spots, serum, and plasma using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The study found that storing samples in dried matrices allows for non-refrigerated transport, reducing costs.

New systematic review in Frontiers in medicine: Clinical trial evidence on emerging pharmacological therapies for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women: a systematic review and analysis of completed studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Researchers identified LCP2 as a biomarker for chemoresistance in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Targeting the LCP2-mediated pathway with Epitalon and Chaetocin helped eliminate therapy-induced senescent cells and improved chemotherapy response in vivo.

Researchers evaluating bovine thymus materials found that supplementation with thymus extracts extended mid-life survival and improved motility in C. elegans. The study suggests these extracts may support healthy aging by protecting against environmental stressors like oxidative damage.

A JBJS Reviews article summarizing injectable peptides in sports medicine concluded that these agents remain experimental, with clinical use limited to approved metabolic agents and rigorous research protocols due to uncertain safety and efficacy.

Researchers analyzed baseline data from clinical trials to quantify sexual activity among women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Participants engaged in sexual activity approximately 2.5 times per month despite their condition.

New paper in Journal of clinical medicine: Digitally Guided Hybrid Maxillary Expansion with Supragingival Mandibular Miniplates for Class III Correction in Late Adolescents: A Pilot Clinical Study.

Researchers published a study on the peptide KPV in hepatic HepG2 cells. Treatment with 100 µg/mL KPV significantly reduced lipid accumulation and fatty acid synthase expression induced by oleic acid by regulating the PPARγ pathway.

New review in Frontiers in aging: Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.

New review in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology: Targeting the FOXO4-p53 axis by retro-inverso peptide senolytic agents: a pharmacological strategy to mitigate brain aging and cognitive decline.

A systematic review published in Revista medica de Chile suggests that pharmacological activation of ERRα/β/γ receptors may mimic exercise benefits. Animal models show that synthetic pan-ERR agonists like SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915 improve endurance and metabolic health without evident toxicity.

The FDA announced a public advisory committee meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee to seek input on bulk drug substances nominated for the Section 503A bulk drug substances list.

Researchers published a review of approved and unapproved peptide therapies used in sports medicine. They found that while unapproved peptides often show potential for tissue repair in animal models, human safety data remain scarce and carry a risk of serious harm.

A corrigendum was published for a study evaluating the effects of the neurotrophic peptide mimetic P021 in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Researchers tested the peptide ARA-290 in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes to evaluate cognitive dysfunction. The study found that while ARA-290 improved insulin sensitivity and circulating monocyte proportions, it did not restore executive cognitive flexibility.

A critical review of peptide use in sports concludes that while peptides are marketed as safer alternatives to steroids for bodybuilding, long-term safety data is lacking and the unregulated supply chain poses significant health risks. Evidence for performance enhancement is limited.

Researchers performed a structure-activity relationship analysis of the exercise mimetic compound SLU-PP-332 to understand how its structure controls its efficacy. Several analogues showed improved metabolic stability and solubility compared to the original compound.

A study in the Indian journal of pharmacology investigated Hexarelin's neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection in hamsters. Results indicated that Hexarelin increased cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, with 150 μg/kg twice daily being optimal.

Hudson Biotech registered a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the use of Melanotan II as an adjunct to narrowband UV-B phototherapy in 60 adults with stable nonsegmental vitiligo.

Researchers reported a case of a patient who developed brown pigmentation on the gums and mouth after self-administering Melanotan II for 64 days. While buccal mucosal pigmentation faded after discontinuation, gingival pigmentation persisted for three months.

Molecular medicine issued a retraction for a study on the peptide pHBSP and its ability to attenuate acute kidney injury.

Researchers published a study using diffusion MRI to detect brain microstructure changes in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease following early treatment with the neurotrophic peptide mimetic P021.

Investigators identified 22 metabolites of the exercise mimetic SLU-PP-332 using human liver fractions. These metabolites were categorized for potential use in doping-control screenings to detect illicit use of the substance in sports.

A study in aging mice found that oral supplementation with a bovine thymus nuclear fraction extract reduced neuronal excitability in the brain. The treatment increased levels of GABAergic proteins, suggesting a potential role in mitigating age-related neurotransmission alterations.

Researchers in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology demonstrated that the peptide FOXO4-DRI reduces endothelial cell senescence by inhibiting the binding of FOXO4 to P53. This action activates the p53/BCL-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway, suppressing aortic aging in mice.

New paper in Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM: In Vitro Metabolism and Analytical Characterization of SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915: Novel Pan-ERR Agonists With Doping Potential.

A review published in the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons analyzed the use of therapeutic peptides in orthopaedics. The authors noted that while peptides show promise in preclinical models for tissue regeneration, there is currently a lack of clinical trials.

Researchers characterized SLU-PP-915, an orally bioavailable pan-ERR agonist that enhances aerobic exercise performance. The compound increases exercise capacity and induces Ddit4 gene expression similar to previous non-bioavailable agonists.